In the ever-evolving landscape of communication technologies, private cellular networks have emerged as a transformative solution for businesses seeking more control, security and flexibility in their connectivity.
These networks, often referred to as private mobile networks or private LTE/5G networks, enable organisations to establish their dedicated communication infrastructure.
In this article, we'll delve into the inner workings of private cellular networks, their benefits and the industries that stand to gain the most from their implementation.
Understanding Private Cellular Networks
At its core, a private cellular network is a localised wireless communication system that operates similarly to public cellular networks but is confined to a specific geographic area, such as a factory, campus or industrial facility. Unlike traditional Wi-Fi networks, which have limitations in terms of coverage, capacity, and security, private cellular networks leverage licensed spectrum to offer robust and reliable connections.
Key components and architecture
- Base Stations (eNodeBs/gNBs): These are the central components of a private cellular network. Base stations manage communication between mobile devices and the core network. In private networks, organisations can deploy multiple base stations to ensure seamless coverage across the designated area.
- Core Network: The core network comprises various elements responsible for managing and routing traffic. It includes components such as the Mobility Management Entity (MME), Serving Gateway (SGW), Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW), and more. This network handles functions like user authentication, data routing, and quality of service (QoS) management.
- Spectrum: Private cellular networks operate on licensed spectrum, which ensures interference-free communication and high-quality connections. Organisations can acquire dedicated spectrum through regulatory agencies or partner with existing network operators to share spectrum resources.
- Mobile Devices: Devices within the network, such as smartphones, tablets, industrial sensors, and IoT devices, communicate with the base stations using cellular protocols like LTE or 5G.
